In the name of Allah, the most beneficient, the most merciful
Tawheed is one of the pillars a true Muslim should hold firmly to, as it is contained in the first pillar of Islam as narrated in one of the Hadiths of the Prophet (peace be upon him): On the authority of Abdullahi, son of Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “(The superstructure of) Al-Islam is raised on five (pillars), i.e the oneness of Allah, the establishment of Prayer, payment of Zakat, the fast of Ramadan, the Pilgrimage (to Mecca)”. Sahih Muslim
The oneness of Allah mentioned in the above Hadith simply means that Allah alone should be worshipped, and (all other gods) beside Him should be denied and rejected. We should not associate other gods with Allah because He is one; He has no partner or deputy. Quran Chapter 112 verse 1-4 says: “Say, “He is Allah, (who is) one, Allah the Eternal Refuge, He neither begets nor is begotten, And there is none comparable unto Him.”
Tawheed (oneness of Allah) is divided into three types, which are:
Tawheed al-Uloohiyyah
Tawheed ar-Ruboobiyyah
Tawheed al-Asmaa was-Sifaat
Tawheed al-Uloohiyyah:
This is giving and ascribing to Almighty Allah alone all kinds of ‘Ibadah’ (worship) whether done in public or in private in words and deeds, as well as denying ‘Ibadah’ (worship) to any other but Allah; whoever that may be. Allah said: “And your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him” Q17:23.
It is singling out Allah with worship so that none besides Him is worshipped, so that none besides Him is called upon, so that no one is sought for rescue, or aid except Him. So that no one is sacrificed to or slaughtered for or made an oath for, except Allah alone.
Allah said: “Verily! I am Allah (none has the right to be worshipped but I, so worship me, and perform As-Salat (for my remembrance)” Q20:14. Allah said: “Worship Allah and join none with Him in worship” Q4:36. Allah said: “Say, Indeed, my prayer, my rites of sacrifice, my living and my dying are for Allah, Lord of the worlds” Q6:162.
Tawheed ar-Ruboobiyyah:
It is the firm belief that Allah is the Lord of everything; He is the King, the Creator and the one who directs and controls them. That He has no partner in His Domain, that no one can question His judgement, that no one can oppose Him, that no one is equal to Him. Almighty Allah said: “Lord of the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them, so worship Him (Alone) and be constant and patient in His worship. Do you know of any who is similar to Him? (of course none is similar or co-equal or comparable to Him, and He has none as partner with Him). (There is nothing like unto Him and He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer)” Q19:65.
Tawheed ar-Ruboobiyyah is singling out Allah the Exalted with (the actions of) creation, providing sustenance, giving life, causing death, and all of the types of regulation and administration of the heavens and the earth, and (also) singling Him out, the Exalted, with (the right to) judgement and legislation and sending of the messengers and revealing of books. Almighty Allah says in Suratu-r-Ruum “Allah is He who created you, then provided food for you, then will cause you to die, then (again) He will give you life (on the Day of Resurrection). Is there any of your (so-called) partners (of Allah) that do anything of that? Glory is to Him! And Exalted is He above all that (evil) they associate (with him)” Q30 verse 40. Allah said: “All praises and thanks are to Allah, who (alone) created the heavens and the earth, and originated the darkness and the light” Q6:1.
Tawheed al-Asmaa was-Sifaat:
This is the belief in what Allah has attributed to Himself in His Book. And what His Messenger (peace be upon him) described Him with. These Attributes are the Most Beautiful Names of Allah and the Highest Attributes. Belief in such should be without having to ask ‘how’. Allah said: “There is nothing like Him; and He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer” Q42:11. Allah said: “No vision can grasp Him, but He Grasps all vision. He is Al-Lateef (the Most Subtle and Courteous), Well-Acquainted with all things” Q6:103.
It is describing Allah the Most High and naming Him with whatever he described and named Himself with and with whatever His Messenger (peace be upon him) described and named Him with in the authentic narrations and to affirm that for Allah without resemblance (to the creation) or likening (to the creation) and without (false) interpretation (of any of that) or negation (of any of that). There is nothing like Him and He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer. Allah said: “Say (O Muhammed (peace be upon him)) “Invoke Allah or invoke the Most Gracious (Allah), by whatever name you invoke Him (it is the same), for to Him belong the Best Names” Q17:110. Allah said: “He is Allah, other than whom there is no deity, Knower of the unseen and the witnessed. He is the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. He is Allah, other than whom there is no deity, the Sovereign, the Pure, the Perfection, the Bestower of Faith, the Overseer, the Exalted in Might, the Compeller, the Superior. Exalted is Allah above whatever they associate with Him. He is Allah, the Creator, the Inventor, the Fashioner; to Him belong the best names. Whatever is in the heavens and earth is exalting Him. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.” Q59:22-24.
In Conclusion, all the types of Tawheed (Oneness of Allah) are strongly attached to each other in such a way that what negates one negates all. Whosoever disbelieves in one automatically disbelieves in others. The example of that is calling other than Allah and asking him to do what only Allah can do. Thus, calling other than Allah is association in ‘Uloohiyah’, and asking others to supply a need, such as bringing goodness or pushing evil away, thinking that the called is able to do that is association of ‘Ruboobiyyah’. Allah said: “Verily, whosoever sets up partners (in worship) with Allah, then Allah has forbidden Paradise to him, and the Fire will be his abode” Q5:72.
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